The Ethics Of The Homeland Security - 1116 Words

As we move into a new era were a more robust and urgent homeland security program is needed, it is important to talk about how officials are managing all of the risk. There are a multitude of threats; from terrorism, where tactics are all the more unconventional an unpredictable, to climate change, with extreme weather conditions causing severe droughts or other catastrophic storms. The risk accepted by federal officials must be weighed and prioritized in a manner that is conducive to the longevity of the nation but also eliminates political or other personal agenda. To ensure a standardized approach the Department of Homeland Security adopted a risk management. The following will look at defining what risk management is as well as an example of how it is being incorporated within the homeland security enterprise and how doing so is of benefit. WHAT IS RISK MANAGEMENT? Risk management is the process of prioritizing various risks to determine a the best course of action to take given set resources, importance, or abilities. Risk is determined by a simple mathematical function. R=f(C*V*T) C is an estimated or factual dollar amount of costs that would be expected to incur or value lost if an attack or disaster were to happen. V is the percentage of how easy it would be to attack or damage an asset. T represents the probability of the attack or disaster occurring. As part of the normal routine of human life, risk management happens without people even making aShow MoreRelatedEssay on The CyberCrime of Hacking558 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s recommended that Homeland Security should practice constant and consistent training to create awareness on specific security procedures, disaster response plans and other issues like visual awareness reminders such as the posters in their laboratories and other places. These procedures will keep the employees on toes such that they have the right information concerning procedures to deal with cybercrime and hence be proactive rather than being reactive to incidents. Training has to be done onRead MoreTransportation Service Administration and Aviation1387 Words   |  6 Pagesfounded standard of right and wrong is the basis to ethics. If we speak of what people ought to do that benefits their society, we are addressing how they conduct themselves to better their community or nation. Conducting themselv es with honesty, compassion, and loyalty would be virtues that display standards of ethics. (Manuel Velasquesz, 2010) If we take these standards of ethics and apply them to a business, then we are addressing business ethics. This will apply to any and all areas of the businessRead MorePersonally Identifiable Information Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation about an individual than ever before, with many concerns having arisen over the years about privacy and the ability to protect that privacy. As debates over personally identifiable information continue, one cornerstone remains a constant, ethics. Ethics are defined as â€Å"the standard by which human actions can be judged right and wrong (Online, 2012)†, but even that can be debated when discussed within the realm of information technology. Have you ever been to an internet shopping site and â€Å"trusted†Read MoreFinal Exam Fact Sheet Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesis a force that is external in nature t hat causes strain upon the body, both physical and emotional. * Two models regarding the use of illegally seized evidence are the crime control and due process models. * The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics is felt to achieve bringing about self-respect among officers; contributing to feelings of mutual respect among police, and contributing to the professional image of law enforcement. * Police legal duties can arise from many sources, includingRead MoreThe Security And Foreign Policy1302 Words   |  6 Pagesattack. Combining law enforcement and intelligence is the principal method of accomplishing this (Hughbank Githens, 2010). Intelligence is vital to homeland defense and security. The U.S. intelligence community (IC) has the responsibility of conducting intelligence activities that are necessary for conducting foreign relations and for the national security of the United States (â€Å"Intelligence Community†, n.d.). The following is a brief report about the U.S. intelligence community and the history of URead MoreCongressional Black Caucus : House Ethics760 Words   |  4 PagesCongressional Ethics Rep. Charlie Rangel (D-N.Y.), chairperson of the House Ways and Means Board and a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus,was convicted on 11 counts of violating House ethics policies by a special House Ethics committee (Kane, 2010). Rep. Charlie Rangel’s infractions included: †¢ Failure to pay taxes for a beach home in the Caribbean. †¢ Omissions and errors in his financial disclosure record †¢ The use of a rent-controlled domestic apartment as a campaign officeRead MoreEssay about Case Study 11 NeoMed Tech. page 511831 Words   |  4 Pagesprofits from a drug screening or drug delivery product could’ve assisted in funding their long-term product focus, they missed an opportunity to develop a quick revenue steam. In addition, NeoMed Technologies could’ve seen success early on in the Homeland Defense space, for detection of nuclear weapons, or dirty bombs. With the shift later in Venture Capital funding opportunities, they could’ve experienced success in this area as well. Bottom-line, they put all their eggs in one basket; they failedRead MoreLevels Of Security Risks And Methods Of Mitigation868 Words   |  4 PagesLevels of security risks and methods of mitigation are not the same for all companies. There are indications that some supervisors show short-lived reactions to the examination of safety. Leaders have many questions concerning methods of communicating the urgency and logistics to management. The awareness and ethics of a successful leader is crucial for the execution of security initiatives such as informing management the necessity for exact security measures. A solid leader is skilled in expressingRead MoreApplication Of Transforming Leadership Principles And Benefits For The City Of Suisun City Police Department1390 Words   |  6 PagesAdministration field of study and can help assist the Suisun City Police Department mange strategic goals; including, assisting a law enforcement agency identify their core ethics, give better service to their community, develop strong group dynamics and human resources competencies, use strategic planning more completely and address Homeland Security issues more easily. Keywords: Transforming Leadership, Public Safety Administration Practical Application of Transforming Leadership Principles and Benefits forRead MoreImmigration Policy And Its Impact On America882 Words   |  4 Pages With the rise of foreign people permanently settling in America, the immigration policy has affected all aspects of society in terms of growth and development of economy, societal issues, and national security. As the immigration policy is a broad topic among senators, it needs to be prioritize for it to be better understood. In doing so will improve the immigration policy and grasp the significance of its impact in America. Many of the values that brings America together as a nation, is due to

Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment Free Essays

Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) is the term used to describe the capability to present bills to customers and to facilitate their payment by electronic means. EBPP offers the opportunity to eliminate the costs associated with printing paper bills, reduce delivery delays and provide a channel for two way communication between suppliers and their customers on a one-to-one basis. From the customers’ perspective, EBPP can provide a simple way to manage and automate the payment of bills. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment or any similar topic only for you Order Now EBPP Models There are five main types of EBPP service provided: 1.The Biller Direct Model in which billers provide their bills on their respective personalized web sites. 2.The Consolidator Model in which service providers allow customers to access and process bills from multiple billers. Within the consolidator model there are several sub-models these include: a)The Consolidator – Thin Client Model provides a site to which billers send their invoices for the customer to view at their leisure. Information at this site is summarized and the customer must visit the billers personal site to examine their bills in detail. b)The Consolidator – Thick Client Model provides billers with a site that host all the billers information. In this model paper bill scanning is not supported. c)The Customer Consolidator Model follows the same blueprint as the thick consolidator model but accepts both electronic and paper scanned bills offering the capability of viewing any bill online. The theory behind this model is that it will attract as many customers as possible in the short term and then streamline to purely electronic methods in the long term. d)The Consolidator Portal Model is a thin client consolidator model but hosted through a popular portal site, such as Yahoo. e)The Financial Institution Model like the portal model acts as a hosting site for consolidated bills. As the bills are placed on the customers bank site payment processing is speeded up while customer affinity with bill payment and banks strengthens consumer acquiescence. 3.The Consumer Centric Aggregator Model. Similar to the consolidator models yet different enough to be considered a separate EBPP approach. The CCA model shares many affinities with the banking consolidator model where billers send their invoices to the CCA site, rather than the consumer, and are paid directly from the site. The approach is equivalent in principle to Direct Debit payments in the UK. 4.The Email Based Model. In this model detailed invoices containing rich text graphics are sent to the customer then linked back to sites for online payment or detailed bill viewing. The medium may include intrusive direct marketing messages. 5.The Service Bureau Model. This model type is a new development in the world of EBPP and facilitates connection to large-scale consolidators for SME companies. In essence the Service Bureau manages its customers needs and offers an ASP model of EBPP. How to cite Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment, Essay examples

International Journal Of Health and Nursing - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Briefly explore an area of nursing practice and identify professional development or research needs. Answer: Provides a clear and concise introduction that justifies the choice of topic: Compassion fatigue is a combination of depleted states of emotional, physical and spiritual conditions due to the providence of care for patients in significant distress and pain. Nolte et al. (2017) points out that the complex demands of the patients healthcare needs in overburdened healthcare system can be a significant stressor on the nurses. This can result in the reduced ability in the providence of care, compassion fatigue and burnout syndrome (Finzi-Dottan and Kormosh 2016; Sorenson et al. 2016). Compassion fatigue also associated with the loss of satisfaction from performing the job properly, as a result of secondary stress (American Nurse Today 2018). However, Sheppard (2015) and Sorensen et al. (2016) pointed out the lack of clarity and ambiguity related to our understanding of compassion fatigue. The purpose of this essay therefore is to explore the effect of compassion fatigue on mental health nurses. Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the chosen topic in the context of a particular nursing specialty: Emotional stress can be caused due to emotional burden experienced while providing care for individuals in trauma or distress, and can be due to a single incident of exposure or an accumulation of stress (The American Institute of Stress 2018). Studies by Hegney et al. (2014) suggested an association between anxiety and depression with burnout and secondary trauma. While studies by Khamisa et al. (2015) also pointed out that stress and burnout can impact the mental well being of the nurse, and can adversely affect the efficiency, productivity and the quality of care provided by the nurses. Among mental health nurses, exposure to inpatient aggression and work stress can lead to post traumatic stress and distress (Lee et al. 2015). The term compassion fatigue was coined by Carla Joinson,, after noticing the reduced ability of nurses, who experienced psychological stress, to nurture patients. Various authors have suggested that the state of weariness is due to chronic or long term exposure to trauma, to challenging circumstances and the continuous service provided by nurses. Compassion fatigue is different from burnout, both having physical and psychological factors that causes a loss or reduction in motivation, but differs in their triggers and critical attributes. They further argues that burnout can be experienced by anyone (triggered by job requirements, job expectations, lack of resources, interpersonal factors, business or organizational policies, that affects the efficiency and efficacy of the person), however compassion fatigue is only experienced by those who actively demonstrate compassion on a daily basis. Mental health nurses, having to care patients often are exposed to the stress while demonstratin g compassion towards the patients and while supporting or helping their families. Such factors are significant stressors for work. Different symptoms associated with compassion fatigue, categorized into 3 groups: Work related symptoms (like avoidance or fear of working, reduced ability to empathize with patient or family, frequent absenteeism, reduced joy or enthusiasm in work); Physical Symptoms (like headache, muscle tensions, fatigue, digestive dysfunction, sleep dysfunction, cardiac symptoms); and Emotional Symptoms (like mood swings, anxiety, restlessness, oversensitivity, substance abuse or substance dependency, depression, anger, resentfulness, forgetfulness and lack of attention or focus and lack of objectivity). Harris and Griffin (2015) additionally pointed out the antecedents of compassion fatigue (like spiritual commitment, emotional investment, and professional and personal support given to patients) that can reduce inner conviction and resiliency, thereby causing inadequate performance and reduction in holistic health. The figure below shows the interactions of the different components towards the causation of compassion fatigue. Figure 1: Compassion and Fatigue Concept Map; source: (Harris and Griffin 2015) Demonstrates the ability to source and appraise the best available evidence to support the discussion: Watsons theory of human caring is based on the empathic relation between the nurse and patient, in the development of relationship based nursing practice (RBN) (Watson 2012). At the core of the concept is the utilization of empathy and communication towards the patient and their family. Three types of relationship that are needed to develop RBN, namely, relationship between patient and their families, relationship with self, and relationship with colleagues. Compassion fatigue is experienced by individuals who assists other in distress, and can be traumatized through their effort to show compassion and empathy to them, and can lead to a reduced self care and increased self sacrifice. The caregiver mostly experience the stress emotionally (and not physically) while caring for the patients. The emotional stress further affects the physical health, leading to different physical symptoms experienced a stressed individual. A decline in personal health of the nurse apart from poor performance, medical errors, poor judgment and a reduced quality of care, and even patient dissatisfaction. This can adversely affect the responses of the patients, cause financial instability of the organization, and also lead to a sense of apathy or indifference towards the patients, associated with a sense of hopelessness or helplessness apart from the physical symptoms experienced by the nurses. This can also lead to the propensity of the nurses to quit their jobs, which can have serious effect in the providence of proper care for the patients (Harris and Griffin 2015). This highlights the negative effect of compassion fatigue on both the nurse as well as the health outcomes of the patient, as well as on the efficiency of the healthcare system, and necessitates actions to manage the effects of compassion fatigue in mental health as well as other nursing specializations. Personal coping strategies, balancing work and life, adequate sleep, healthy and balanced diet, daily physical exercise and small vacations or breaks can be effective personal intervention strategies to manage compassion fatigue. Conclusion: The overview of the effects of compassion fatigue on the performance, efficiency, and well being of the nurses, as well as on the health outcomes and perception of the patients highlights the necessity to study further how the different stressors experienced by healthcare professionals in a high stress environment can be useful to devise strategies to mitigate these effects. Mental health nurses are frequently exposed to significant amount of stress while assisting patients and their families to cope up with the challenges of the health condition of the patient. This necessitates different intervention strategies that can assist the nurses to cope up with the stress in their job, and ensure the continued providence of quality care of the patient, as well as the maintenance of resiliency and psychological well being of the nurses themselves. References: American Nurse Today. 2018.Compassion fatigue: Are you at risk? - American Nurse Today. [online] Available at: https://www.americannursetoday.com/compassion-fatigue/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Finzi-Dottan, R. and Kormosh, M.B., 2016. Social Workers in Israel: Compassion, Fatigue, and Spillover into Married Life.Journal of Social Service Research,42(5), pp.703-717. Gilmore, C., 2012. Compassion Fatigue-What it is and how to avoid it.Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand,18(5), p.32. Harris, C. and Griffin, M. (2015). Nursing on Empty.Journal of Christian Nursing, [online] 32(2), pp.80-87. Available at: https://journals.lww.com/journalofchristiannursing/Fulltext/2015/04000/Nursing_on_Empty__Compassion_Fatigue_Signs,.8.aspx#R6-8 [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Hegney, D.G., Craigie, M., Hemsworth, D., Osseiran?Moisson, R., Aoun, S., Francis, K. and Drury, V., 2014. Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, anxiety, depression and stress in registered nurses in Australia: study 1 results.Journal of Nursing Management,22(4), pp.506-518. Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K. and Ilic, D., 2015. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses.International journal of environmental research and public health,12(1), pp.652-666. Lee, J., Daffern, M., Ogloff, J.R. and Martin, T., 2015. Towards a model for understanding the development of post?traumatic stress and general distress in mental health nurses.International journal of mental health nursing,24(1), pp.49-58. Nolte, A., Downing, C., Temane, A. and Hastings-Tolsma, M. (2017). Compassion fatigue in nurses: A metasynthesis.Journal of Clinical Nursing, [online] 26(23-24), pp.4364-4378. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28231623 [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Potter, R.N., Joyce Divanbeigi RN, M.S.N., Julie Berger DMin, B.C.C., Lori Norris, R.N. and Sarah Olsen RN, B.S.N., 2010. Compassion fatigue and burnout: Prevalence among oncology nurses.Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing,14(5), p.E56. Sheppard, K., 2015. Compassion fatigue among registered nurses: Connecting theory and research.Applied Nursing Research,28(1), pp.57-59. Sorenson, C., Bolick, B., Wright, K. and Hamilton, R., 2016. Understanding compassion fatigue in healthcare providers: A review of current literature.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,48(5), pp.456-465. The American Institute of Stress. (2018).Compassion Fatigue. [online] Available at: https://www.stress.org/military/for-practitionersleaders/compassion-fatigue/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Watson, J., 2012. The theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective.Caring in nursing classics: An essential resource, pp.237-27.

Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access

Table of Contents Introduction Discontented Employees Hackers Journalists and Political Activists Information Agents Conclusion Reference List Introduction Information plays a vital role in successful organizational management. Information management using modern information technology enhances organizational survival and decision-making.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individuals with ill intentions can utilize any security flaw existing in the organization’s information systems to pursue their selfish interests; this, in other words, can render an organization susceptible to risks, which are costly or lower the integrity of the organization. Unauthorized computer access is only possible when an organization information security strategies are weak thus leaving an organization’s information resources vulne rable or accessible. When there are loopholes in the information security management system, malicious individuals take advantage of these ostensible flaws to achieve their ill intentions of either stealing or corrupting an organization’s databases. This paper discusses some of the key threats to an organization’s information security system or the persons that compromise an organizations computer system through unauthorized entry. Some of the highlighted threats are discontented employees, journalists, and political activists, hackers and information agents. Discontented Employees An organization’s information systems can be compromised in a variety of ways. The most notable being actions by discontented employees. Employees become a threat when they have been laid off or when they have left their jobs voluntarily in search of greener pastures. Such people might attempt to steal information with a motive of using it to exploit the company by selling confidentia l information to the competitors or to leverage on the same to get a new job. Owing to their familiarity with the computer system employed, such unscrupulous staff stands a better chance of successfully sabotaging, hacking or distorting information (Salehnia, 2002). Ideally, every organization should have an information security policy. Unfortunately, most companies lack proper policies to govern storage or management of sensitive and confidential information against theft and fraud. One of the most basic and yet reliable measure towards curbing employee related risks is doing an employee audit.Advertising Looking for article on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An employee audit can be done electronically or manually to ascertain that no employee is not in custody of vital company information as they leave the company premises. In addition, magnetic chips should be fixed on crucial organization documents such as reports and files to control information movements. Hackers A hacker is an individual who is well equipped with programming skills and uses these technical skills to gain unauthorized access to an organization’s information systems. Hackers do this for personal gigs or monetary gain. Hacking is a serious threat to many organizations’ computer systems. Hackers break into computer systems by compromising the integrity and privacy of data (Cross Shinder, 2008). By obtaining this information, they easily use it to trade with interested parties pretending to be the genuine users. Unlike, other security risks, hackers, pose the greatest risk and can completely jeopardize the operations of the firm. However, several measures such as regular change in passwords and encryption of passwords and user names are important in containing the risk. Journalists and Political Activists Journalists or political activists might be interested in the operations of an organization with i ntentions of discrediting or damaging the organization’s reputation. While there are codes of ethics that govern journalism, practical codes vary giving room to substantial overlap in information dissemination. Thus, some journalist and political activist take advantage of this mostly through bias reporting of facts, misrepresentation of figures and blatant deception to the public. Sometimes they will suppress the information even disregarding facts through mischief. Overly, they attempt to shape and influence the opinion of the public (Bosworth Kabay, 2002). Information Agents These people use subversive tactics to gather proprietary information. This information could be anything from new product ideas, bid information, proposals, marketing strategies or research and any other corporate data. They penetrate the information system of a given organization with the intention to find information that they can trade. They sell this information to the highest bidder especially i n financial or consultancy or brokerage industry. It is, therefore, important for all organizations to exercise vigilance and secure their systems to any such security threats.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion It is critical for all organizations to embrace various security strategies to guarantee the safety of vital information and resources in the organization. This can be done by having back up files, changing passwords regularly, use of encryptions, installing antivirus scanners to prevent any unauthorized access to information against persons or foreign software programs. Physical security such as employing guards, using biometrics doors, and controlling unauthorized access can also be deployed. Finally, each organization requires a meticulously formulate information security policy. Failure to institute measu res against information security threats, opens up an organization to much information security threats, which can easily compromise an organization’ information systems. Reference List Bosworth, S Kabay, M. (2002). Computer Security Handbook. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Cross, S. Shinder, D.L. (2008). Scene of Cybercrime. Burlington, MA: Syngress Press. Salehnia, A. (2002). Ethical Issues of Information Systems. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. This article on Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access was written and submitted by user Doctor Spectrum to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Flag

The Flag Should the Flag Follow the Constitution I think before you, the American public, can come to a conclusion on the matter of "Should the Flag Follow the Constitution," you have to look at the constitution at every angle. Also you need to examine our flag and what the red, white, and stars represent. Then I think you can come to a good answer to a puzzling question.First, let's start with the constitution. In my opinion the Constitution is the basis of our laws and legislative system. However, there is an aspect that the Constitution was written by rich, European males. At this time in our history the original authors of the Constitution did not think that our American society would be as complex and as multicultural as it is. Consequently, I think the flag does follow the Constitution in that aspect. The reason for this conclusion is that the flag represents the American Revolution Era, to me, because the red represents blood meaning lives lost, the white represents freedom, and the or iginal stars represented the colonies that was established.Konstytucja 3 MajaDYK

Meaning of the French Expression Le cinq àsept

Meaning of the French Expression Le cinq sept The informal expression le cinq sept refers to what could be considered a very French version of Happy Hour: the two-hour period after work, from 5 to 7 pm, when (some) people meet up with their lovers before going home to their spouses. Translation: an afternoon tryst. The reality of le cinq sept was openly acknowledged for perhaps the first time in Franà §oise Sagans 1967 novel La Chamade. Just for fun, I had my husband ask his students (aged 40 and up) about it, and they all said they were very familiar with le cinq sept, with one exception. The youngest said she didnt know it, then added a caveat: Mais je viens de me marier, alors qui sait ce qui va se passer dans vingt ans. Incidentally, the French translation of tryst is un rendez-vous galant - further proof that everything sounds better in French. Well almost: for happy hour, the correct translation is heure du cocktail or heure de lapà ©ritif, but instead they usually stick with appy hour. Different in Canada In Quà ©bec, le cinq sept has nothing to do with sex. It refers to a group of friends meeting up to have a drink after work, or before an evening outing to a play or some other entertainment. In this sense, le cinq sept might be translated by happy hour or, if it doesnt include alcohol, just something generic like afternoon get-together or rendez-vous. Source Sagan, Francoise. La Chamade. French Edition,  Pocket, 1990.

Analyze science lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze science lesson - Essay Example It is flexible so that it frees student to explore diverse possibility. Indirect instructions foster creativity and inter personal skills and abilities, the role of teacher shifts from lecturer to that of facilitator. Interactive Instructional strategy - Discussion and sharing among participants is involved. Experiential learning -Focuses on the participation in an activity. Reactions and observations are shared. Independent Study - Help students become self-sufficient and responsible citizens by enhancing individual potential. Independent study is very flexible, it can be used as the major instructional strategy with the whole class, in combination with other strategies, or it can be used with one or more individuals while another strategy is used with the rest of the class (Core Knowledge Foundation Staff, 2000). This preschool lesson plan deals with the life cycle of plants explaining their different parts. The children are instructed by their teachers to get seeds of different plants like Gram, Pea, Maize and Castor oil. They may take a piece of soil or a pot where sunlight should fall on them. Children are then asked to sow the seeds in soil, water them and observe them daily. They will observe that seeds give rise to two tiny structures one coming upwards in the sunlight, the future stem and the other going inside the soil away from sunlight, the future root. In all of this process direct instructional strategy is implemented. The preschool teacher instructs the students to uproot a small plant and observe the roots. Leaves of different sizes are shown to the children and vital importance of leaves should be told to them. Children are instructed to familiarize themselves with another important organ of the plant â€Å"the stem†. Plants of different heights are brought into observation of the students. Children are instructed to measure the heights with any tool of measurements. Oral language instructions like

Public Relations and Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Relations and Promotion - Essay Example This has affected, in an adverse way, the anticipated economic gains that would have been made in the area. For the past 5 years, this wave of destruction has swept through the county of Mobley in spite of the public protests and demonstrations her residents has conducted. MADAAT has recorded successful initiatives over the last three years with more than 2700 persons rehabilitated and the rate of drug and substance abuse decreased by 30%. This will be a great event and a lot of activities will take place. Their will be Football and Volleyball tournaments, debates on how to curb alcohol and drug abuse, free counseling on alcohol and substance abuse and training on how to counsel and care for drug addicts to help them rehabilitate. Mobley has lost very young and energetic youths to drug abuse; about 300 annually, according to MADAAT Secretary General, Mr. Godwin Brooke. â€Å"We urge the Mobley’s vast society, whether affected or otherwise, to try and come for the organized event. We further encourage all the individuals that wish to participate in any of the activities of the big day, to apply and submit their applications on-line through our website,† MADAAT Organizing Secretary said on his speech while addressing the students at Mobley College for Business Studies. â€Å"This event will add a lot of force to the fight against drug and substance abuse in Mobley. We target to achieve a decrement in this disaster practice by 10-15% by the end of this year,† He added. The Mobley Alcohol and Drug Abuse Awareness team was found and initially made up of 28 members from The Ashleigh University Christian Union, Mobley. Today, it’s a well organized fraternity of men and women across the Mobley County; persons with common interests and beliefs to curb this monster that threatens to tear Mobley apart. The preferred media target would be

Hellenistic and Greek Essay Example for Free

Hellenistic and Greek Essay The Hellenistic world between 323 and 30 BCE represents the time of the Hellenistic civilization that was brought about by the influence of the Greek in the ancient world. This is the period between the time when Alexander the great died and when Augustus became the first emperor of the Rome. This Greek culture was adopted and had an eventual effect on the world of the Mediterranean and even beyond. This age was then preceded by the classical age which became known in the 19th century. Alexander the Great played a key role in the spread of Hellenism to the Middle East, East Asia and the African continent (Manson, 4). During his time of campaigning he conquered the Persian Empire, and other lands like Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Egypt and other parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The end of the period is when the Roman Republic conquered Greece. Part 2 The Greek architecture dealt with decorations mostly sculptures of which were the basic feature of the temple. Among the most common seen works include those of Parthenon. Apart from the temples, the Greek also built the theaters which can be seen from the ruins in the present time. The works of the Greeks represented a kind of repose, harmony and proportion to its effect which is identified by the selection of materials, their style and site, and the arrangement of the masses of stones. Most importantly, there were the distinctive Doric temples which were twice as long as they were once wide, and half as they were wide. The Greek architecture is different from that of the Egyptian culture (Manson, 2). In particular, Egyptians used to cover nearly every bit of space with ornament. The Egyptians did not make a gable to the roofs as the Greek did in order to ward off the weather. This thus shows how weather brought about new different features between the two cultures. Concisely, Apart from internal aesthetics, the outer architectural designs were controlled by the climatic conditions of the two locations.

Comparison Of Mail Communications Essay example -- essays research pap

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New technologies have always allowed us to do things faster, more efficiently, and more professionally than ever before. Generally, every new technology is a step forward for speed and productivity. But, despite this paradigm, the coming of the latest mail communications innovation has brought many pros and cons with the package. Electronic mail could be the greatest thing since sliced bread, but there are many who find flaws in it. We are now going to take a moment to compare the speed, ease, reliability, and expense of electronic mail with our general postal system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The speed of transfer is an important part of the decision to send mail by either protocol. E-mail has a distinct advantage in this category. With the click of a button, your message will be received in a period of 5 to 30 seconds. Whether you are sending e-mail to a person across the street or in Afghanistan, the transfer rate is virtually the same. Also, data files and computer applications can be sent via e-mail; however, large files will slow upload & download time even though they are sent in seconds. Unfortunately, physical packages such as gifts or magazines cannot be attached to e-mail. On the other side of the spectrum, the postal service can send any kind of physical package, from a magazine to a pool table, for a price proportional to its size. The postal service can also transfer data if it is placed on a disk or a CD-ROM. Speed, howe...

The Benefits of Study Abroad

Part 1 Grammar 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 b 6 a 7 b 8 a 9 b 10 b 11 c 12 c 13 b 14 b 15 c 16 a 17 b 18 a 19 b 20 a 21 c 22 a 23 b 24 a 25 b 26 b 27 a 28 a 29 b 30 c Part 2 Writing As I have been studying in China for almost 4 years, and my professors always recommend me to make a further study abroad, I finally have made up my mind to get a master degree in Australia. It is not only because I have been told that the education system in Australia is quite different from the one in China, but also there has a strong academic reputation in the field of Business.Speaking of Melbourne Institute of Technology(MIT) and University of Ballarat(UB), I have heard that the campuses locate at the downtown of the two biggest cities in Australia which are Melbourne and Sydney. Besides, some courses are accredited by professional bodies such as the CPA Australia, which will give me professional development opportunities. Furthermore, as I know, the class sizes are smaller than traditional universities that w ill encourage me to participate and develop confidence. I am certain that I will try my best there and achieve my maximum potential.When I come back to China after studying, I will be more competitive and definitely make a major contribution to my future career. In a word, the two-year master study in Australia will not only offer me an opportunity to improve myself in every aspect with professors and fellow students from many other countries but also obtain social skills and international insight in my major as well. Part 3 Reading 1. There are a lot of common causes of stress. One of the most common causes is work. Another one is school for those who have not entered the working world yet.Also simple family life can be one common cause of stress. 2. The combined stress of both work itself and the possibility of losing it creates a sort of double-stress, which means that not only do people worry about their daily tasks and routine pressures of work, but also they feel they have to work even harder in order to keep their jobs. 3. School can be a great source of stress for those who have not entered the working world yet. Because of the constant pressure of schoolwork, friends, teachers, tests, quizzes, papers and everything else, anyone can feel like they are trapped in a vice.Furthermore, the deadlines are all immoveable, so the students are constantly under time pressure. And the deadlines overlapping makes matters worse. 4. The deadlines are immoveable, so students are constantly under time pressure. To make matters worse, there are often several deadlines overlapping each other, intensifying the demands on time. 5. Once final exams arrive, there is a lot to re-learn and students need to spend so much time studying that they can barely sleep. 6. For parents, stress can often come from simply worrying about their children.After all, seeing a child grow up, make mistakes, go through school, go to college, play sports and often learn things the hard way is eno ugh to make a parent go bald. 7. Actually parents can often be the cause of stress as much as sources of comfort from it. Though they often have their children’s best interests in mind, they can also put a lot of pressure on their children. 8. Spouses often spend a lot of time avoiding certain arguments simply because they are trying to avoid stress. However, leaving tension in the air while not resolving it can be a cause of stress.So it should be good to resolve conflicts immediately. 9. Although money keeps going out, not enough of it seems to come in and stress just keeps mounting. There never seems to be enough for the mortgage or rent, car payments, credit cards and other bills. Furthermore, it is rather difficult to be philosophical about money stress since attempting to put things into perspective only recalls thoughts about the money that always seems to be missing. 10. The best place to start is by managing the stress, then working to solve the problems with a clear and uncluttered mind.

Policing Rough Neighborhoods

The united States should be to police a rough neighborhood because there trying to stop another incident like 9/1 1 from happening. The U. S. Has to start policing a rough neighborhood because it will help The role the United States should take In the middle east and in the united States is that we need to police rough neighborhoods because the Taliban and AAA Qaeda are very effective in the middle east. Stop terrorist attack before they happen.A quote from an article named â€Å"options In brief† first entente, â€Å"The attack of September 1 lath and the aggressive dictatorship of the middle east prove that the world Is a dangerous place. † This quote shows the worlds a dangerous place and this Is why we need to police rough neighborhoods. Another example Is â€Å"The U. S. Cannot allow Afghanistan to become another Taliban run sanctuary for AAA Qaeda which could cause another 9/1 1 This quote Is saying the U. S. Doesn't want Afghanistan to become a place run by the Taliban because It could lead to another 9/11. Cause Its talking about how we need to make sure that we don't eve September 1 lath to happen again. The united States needs to start protecting the U. S. More because of terrorist. The united States role in the Middle East should be to police rough neighborhoods, we need to protect other countries because people shouldn't die for no reason. Like it says in the quote said by president john in the article â€Å"why we fight† â€Å"We seek neither territory nor bases. We fight for the principle of self determination. † I think this quote is saying that we don't want your land we want to help.The United States is the greatest force for good in the world and we have an obligation not to start and fight wars but to spread democracy and freedom through the world. † This quote is saying that America Is a good country and there trying to help not fight. These because it's showing that we're not trying to invade were trying t o help innocent people. U. S. Needs to help stop innocent people from dying in the Middle East. The United States role in the Middle East should be to police a rough neighborhood. I believe the u. s. Would take his into this is a big effect on both the United States Middle East and we need our neighborhoods policed. Innocent people are dying and we can not have another 9/1 1 happen again. We must be protected and not killed. Policing Rough Neighborhoods By governmental The United States should be to police a rough neighborhood because there trying to neighborhood because it will help The role the United States should take in the middle east and in the United States is that we need to police rough neighborhoods attack before they happen.A quote from an article named â€Å"options in brief† first middle east prove that the world is a dangerous place. † This quote shows the worlds a dangerous place and this is why we need to police rough neighborhoods. Another example is à ¢â‚¬Å"The U. S. Cannot allow Afghanistan to become another Taliban run sanctuary for AAA Qaeda which could cause another 9/1 1 . † This quote is saying the U. S. Doesn't want Afghanistan to become a place run by the Taliban because it could lead to another 9/11. Because its talking about how we need to make sure that we don't eve September 1 lath to happen again.The United States needs to start protecting The United States role in the Middle East president John in the article â€Å"why we fight† â€Å"We seek neither territory nor bases. We fight for the principle of self determination. † I think this quote is saying that we don't the world and we have an obligation not to start and fight wars but to spread democracy and freedom through the world. † This quote is saying that America is a good country and there trying to help not fight.

Simple Pendulum Lab Report Essay Example

Simple Pendulum Lab Report Essay Example Simple Pendulum Lab Report Paper Simple Pendulum Lab Report Paper Essay Topic: Simple The relationship between the length and the time for one swing (the period) has been researched for many centuries, and has allowed famous physicists like Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilee to obtain an accurate value for the gravitational acceleration g. In this report, we will replicate their experiment, and we will try to find an accurate value for X here in Pisa. We will then compare this value with the commonly accepted value of 9. 806 m/so [NIST, 2009] A CLOSER LOOK AT OUR VARIABLES In this investigation, we varied the length of the pendulum (our independent arable) to observe a change in the period (our dependent variable). In order to reduce possible random errors in the time measurements, we repeated the measurement of the period three times for each of the ten lengths. We also measured the time for ten successive swings to further reduce the errors. The length of our original pendulum was set at 1 00 CM and for each of the following measurements, we reduced the length by 10 CM. THEORY A simple pendulum performs simple harmonic motion, i. E. Its periodic motion is defined by an acceleration that is proportional to its displacement and directed awards the centre of motion. It can be shown that the period T of the swinging pendulum is proportional to the square root of the length I of the pendulum: T -4112 (Hypersonic, 2009), with T the period in seconds, the length in meters and g the gravitational acceleration in m/so. Our raw data should give us a square-root relationship between the period and the length. Furthermore, to find an accurate value for g, we will also graph TO versus the length of the pendulum. This way, we will be able to obtain a straight-line graph, with a gradient equal to rug-1. EQUIPMENT AND METHOD For this investigation, we had access to limited resources; clamps, stands, a meter ruler, a stopwatch, a metal ball (a. K. A. Bob), and some string. The experimental set-up was equal to the diagram, shown in figure 1 (Practical Physics, 2009). As stated earlier in the introduction, it was decided to measure the time for ten complete swings, in order to reduce the random errors. Clamp These measurements would be repeated two more times, and in total ten successive lengths were used, starting from one meter, and decreasing by 10 CM or each following measurement. String A meter ruler was used to determine the length of the string. One added difficulty in determining the length of the pendulum was the relative big uncertainty in finding the exact length, since the metal bob Tripod Stand added less than a centimeter to our string length, measured from the bobs centre. This resulted in an uncertainty in length that was higher than one would normally expect. The table clamp was used to secure the position of the tripod stand, Metal bob while the pendulum was swinging. After the required measurements, one experiment was carried out to find the Figure 1: Diagram of the set-up for this experiment degree of damping in our set-up. Damping always occurs when there is friction, but exactly how significant the degree of damping in our experimental set-up was, remained uncertain. Depending on the degree of damping, it may or may not have a significant effect on our measurements. All measurements were taken under the same conditions, using the same metal bob, the same ruler, in the same room, and at approximately 26 degrees Celsius.

Biography of Carl Sagan, Astronomer of the People

Biography of Carl Sagan, Astronomer of the People Astronomer and author Carl Sagan (November 9, 1934 - December 20, 1996) burst into public consciousness as the star and producer of the TV series Cosmos. He was a prolific researcher in astronomy  as well as a science popularizer who sought to educate the public about the universe and the value of the scientific method.   Early Years Born in Brooklyn, New York, Sagan grew up with a strong interest in the planets, stars, and science fiction. His father, Samuel Sagan, immigrated from what is now Ukraine and worked as a garment worker. His mother, Rachel Molly Gruber, encouraged his great interest in science. Sagan often cited his parents influence on his career, saying that his father influenced his imagination and his mother urged him to go to the library to find books about stars. Professional Life After graduating from high school in 1951, the young Sagan headed the University of Chicago for a degree in physics. At the University of Chicago, he took part in chemistry research about the building blocks of life. He went on to earn a Ph.D. in astronomy and astrophysics in 1960. Sagan left Illinois and began working at University of California - Berkeley, where he worked with a team to  build an instrument for a NASA mission to Mars called Mariner 2. In the 1960s, Sagan moved to Harvard University, where he worked at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. There, he focused his research more closely on planetary science, with a particular interest in Venus and Jupiter. Sagan later moved again to Cornell University, where he served as director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies. Sagans work with NASA continued. He was a principal advisor for the Viking missions and worked on the landing site selection. He also was instrumental in a project to put messages from humanity aboard the Pioneer and Voyager probes to the outer solar system. In 1976, he became  the David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences, a chair he held until his death. Research Interests and Activism Throughout his career, Carl Sagan remained deeply interested in the possibility of life on other worlds.   Throughout his work with NASA and the U.S. space program, he tirelessly promoted the ideas behind the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, colloquially known as SETI. Sagan worked on  several collaborative experiments, which ultimately demonstrated that, when exposed to ultraviolet light, mixtures of amino acids and nucleic acids could be produced in  conditions much like those of early Earth. Carl Sagan conducted early research on climate change. One of his studies showed that the high temperatures on the surface of Venus could be attributed to a runaway greenhouse effect. Throughout his career, Sagan continued his scientific research, ultimately publishing more than 600 papers. Throughout his work, he advocated for scientific skepticism and healthy reasoning, promoting skepticism as an alternative to belief systems of politics and religion. Sagan was also  an anti-war activist. He  studied the potential impact of nuclear war and advocated for nuclear disarmament. Science as a Way of Thinking As an avid skeptic and agnostic, Sagan promoted the scientific method as a tool for better understanding the world. In his book  Demon-Haunted World, he laid out strategies for critical thinking, deconstructing arguments, and testing claims. Sagan published a number of other science books aimed at a lay audience, including The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence, and Brocas Brain: Reflections on the Romance of Science.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1980, Carl Sagans:  Cosmos: A Personal Voyage premiered on television.  The premiere turned Sagan into a well-known science popularizer. The show was aimed at a general audience, with each  episode  focusing on a different aspect of scientific discovery or exploration.  Cosmos  received two Emmy Awards.   Later Years and Legacy In the 1990s, Carl Sagan was diagnosed with a blood condition called myelodysplasia. He received three bone marrow transplants and ongoing treatment, continuing to work on his research and writing even as the condition worsened. At age 62, Sagan died of pneumonia associated with his condition. Sagan left a long-lasting legacy in the fields of astronomy and science education. Several awards for science communication are named after Carl Sagan, included two given by the Planetary Society. The Mars Pathfinder location on Mars is named the Carl Sagan Memorial Station.   Carl Sagan Fast Facts Full Name: Carl Edward SaganKnown For: Astronomer, author, and science popularizer  Born: November 9, 1934 in Brooklyn, New York, USADied: December 20, 1996 in Seattle, Washington, USAEducation: University of Chicago (B.A., B.S., M.S., Ph.D.)Selected Works:  Cosmos: A Personal Journey,  Demon-Haunted World,  The Dragons of Eden,  Brocas BrainKey Accomplishments:  NASA Medal of Honor (1977), Emmy Award for Outstanding Personal Achievement (1981), authored 600 scientific papers and dozens of popular science articles and books.Spouse Name:  Lynn Margulis (1957-1965), Linda Salzman (1968-1981),  Ann Druyan (1981-1996)Childrens Names: Jeremy, Dorion, Nick, Alexandra, Samuel  Famous Quote: Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Sources and Further Reading Kragh, Helge. â€Å"Carl Sagan.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 27 Oct. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Carl-Sagan.  Head, Tom. Conversations with Carl Sagan (Literary Conversations), University Press of MIssissippi, 2006.  Terzian, Yervant, and Elizabeth Bilson. Carl Sagans Universe. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Research Assignment - Essay Example Tell customers: If you want a V-8 rumble, you’ve gotta buy a V-8 that costs more, gets worse gas mileage and hurts the Earth†¦You’re fabricating the car’s sexiness. You’re fabricating performance elements of the car that don’t actually exist. That just feels deceptive to me† (Brauer cited in Harwell). (Migliore) predicts that V6 engines will be more popular compared to the V8 engines for the 2015 Ford F – 150. The article sums up the benefits provided by V6 engines over V8 engines to back up the prediction; â€Å"In the truck business, its historically been about the most horsepower, the most towing power and the most torque† (Scott cited in Migliore). The main difference between V6 and V8 engine is the number of cylinders. V6 has six cylinders whereas V8 has eight cylinders. The number of cylinders in an engine usually affects the engine’s total displacement volume. Smaller engines they are more cost effective. Since they have less cc, they require less gas to run. However, certain comforts are also offered by bigger engines e.g. more power and better performance, but they require more fuel in order to run the car. Generally, V6 engine provides more economical benefit whereas V8 engine provides more power benefits. Which engine comforts the customers more de pends upon the preferences of the customers. If they are looking for saving, they should go for V6 engines. If they are looking for power and performance, then V8 engines is the choice for them. (Att Training Ltd. and Denton) have introduced a blended learning approach to the engineering of cars in their book. Their book covers all technological and theoretical sections needed by students. Together with ATT online resources, this book offers a comprehensive package comprising video footage, activities, and assessment. They say that the comfort of customers is also determined by their need. If they need larger vehicles, V8 engine would provide them with more comfort whereas if they are looking

The Communist Revolution in China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Communist Revolution in China - Term Paper Example The Communist Revolution in China, which culminated in the establishment of the Peoples’ Republic of China in 1949, was the result of several historical developments of the preceding decades. At the start of the twentieth century, China’s last imperial dynasty, the Qing, was in deep decline. The moribund feudal Confucian system, massive increase in population, failure to modernize, and the proliferation of warring war-lords, made China a fragmented nation. This fragmentation was further compounded by the establishment of foreign enclaves, or concessions, in important port cities by the colonial powers, each enjoying substantial extra-territorial autonomy and significant economic and political rights. In the aftermath of World War I, in which the Chinese contributed laborers to the Allies, Japan was granted the former German concession in Shantung and expanded control of Manchuria. This was widely resented by the Chinese. The social fabric of the country was in tatters: the peasants, who constituted the largest proportion of the population, were mired in abysmal poverty; the unskilled urban workers were also poor; the landlords and officials blocked any progress; the merchants were constrained by the foreign concessions. In this climate of political fragmentation and social stagnation, an intellectual movement for change took shape and consolidated its hold over the educated Chinese. The intellectual ferment of the late nineteenth to early twentieth century may be considered the precursor of the birth of Communism in China. A growing section of the educated Chinese actively agitated for modernization, social change, elimination of foreign concessions and national unity.... A growing section of the educated Chinese actively agitated for modernization, social change, elimination of foreign concessions and national unity. The earliest attempt for reformation was spearheaded by SunYat-sen, who formed the Revolutionary Alliance in about 1905, and then the Kuomintang (KMT), or National Party, in 1912. Sun Yat-Sen was a medical doctor who entered politics with the goal of building â€Å"a strong, unified, modern Chinese Republic† (Cienciala, 1999). He had a strong backer in the wealthy businessman, Charlie Soong, whose two daughters married Sun Yat-Sen and Chiang Kai-Shek. In 1906, the publication of the Chinese translation of Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto attracted adherents to Marxism. A short-lived Republic was established in the aftermath of a military revolt in 1912, followed by a changing Central Government, challenged by other regimes and warlords. Thus, the reformists were divided into several factions: constitutional monarchists, anar chists, nationalists, and Marxists. The student-led May 4th Movement of 1919, largely inspired by socialism, expressed the growing intellectual movement for change. The climate was now ripe for the birth of Chinese Communism. The Chinese Communist Party (CPP) took root in the Marxist study groups established at Beijing University in June 1918, under the initiative of Li Dazhao, the chief librarian. Mao Zedong joined the Marxist study group in 1919. At this juncture, in accordance with its objective of establishing socialist allies in other nations, and striking a blow against international imperialism, the Soviet Government adopted friendly relations with China, particularly through the Comintern: the international

The Importance of Net Neutrality Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Importance of Net Neutrality - Term Paper Example Because of the current net neutrality legislations, these intersecting networks are able to send and receive data from one point to the other without additional payments. Devoid of net neutrality, that would not be the case. Network machinists would be able to regulate traï ¬Æ'c further closely and emphasise on making cash out of one another rather than giving reliable amenity. When net neutrality introduces certain challenges for content-providers and final-users, we trust the beneï ¬ ts exceeds those challenges. Net neutrality provides new developers the chance to share their thoughts with the world through not crippling them economically. While the cancellation of net neutrality profits broadband providers, it will bring problems to a lot of value providers. Therefore it could significantly stiï ¬â€še how the internet works, similarly as the economies that depend on its services. The machinery industry is industrializing so fast today; it is futile to say what is most desirabl e for the future. But one thing to be certain of: eliminating net neutrality would change the internet overwhelmingly for a more good or bad (Gross, 2009) Because of the magnitude of these files, such transfers are able to consume a substantial fraction of the internet’s bandwidth. Bit Torrent’s wireless connection guide offers two model downloads which it says will â€Å"max out your internet connection within a few minutes† â€Å"Digital piracy†. Examining one prominent circumstance, the operators of a Swedish website termed as â€Å"The Pirate Bay† were found guilty of copyright desecration when providing a directory of movies and extra files available in the website via Bit Torrent (Patrick & McBride, 2009). In 2007, some of Comcast’s Internet clients encountered challenges when operating with Bit Torrent. The Allied Press investigated and conveyed that Comcast was prying with the Bit Torrent decorum (Svensson, 2007), leading to

A Problem Question on Contract Law

A Problem Question on Contract Law Introduction A contract refers to an agreement between two or more parties which is legally binding in the eyes of the law. Based on Contract Act 1950, section 2 (h), an agreement that is enforceable by law is a contract. Any other agreements that is not enforceable by law is said to be void, section 2 (g). Therefore, section 2 (j) a contract which is ceases to be enforceable by the law becomes void when it ceases to be enforceable. A contract consists of 6 elements which is proposal (section 2) and acceptance (section 7). The agreement made must be certain and lawful to fulfill the requirement of entering a contract. The consideration (section 26) of a contract have to be in price theory or the benefit and detriment theory. Next, certainty (section 30) said that the terms and agreements of a contract need to be certain and clear. Besides that, all party in the contract have to be free consent, section 10. Lastly, section 11 capacity said that minors, person that disqualified from contracting by any law and unsound mind are not competent to enter a contract. Ah Beng Ah Beng wished to sell his 3-year old motorcycle. He have the intention to create legal relations, commercial contract. In a business contract the presumption is that there is an intention to create legal relations. Unlike domestic contract where agreement made between parties are stated as no intention to create such a legal relations. For example, agreement between spouses, between parent and child and agreements between friends. Case law Balfour v. Balfour. The husband promised to pay a monthly allowance as maintenance to his wife. The court held that it was not a legally enforceable agreement, the parties should be attended by legal consequences. According to section 2 (a), when one signifies to another his willingness to do said to make a proposal, Ah Beng is the offeror before he advertised the sale in a local newspaper. After the advertisement,he becomes an acceptor. Advertisement consist of two types of offer, Bilateral and Unilateral offer. Unilateral offer is a party (X) undertakes to do something is another party (Y) decides to accept by performing some lawful act specified by X. For instance, Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. Carbolic Smoke Ball company made an offer to the pubic by issuing an advertisement saying that whoever still suffered from influenza after taking their product (a drug) will get  £ 100 in a specified manner and for a specified period of time. Mrs Carlill sued the company for the promise reward. The court held that the advertisement is an offer to the world. Referring to the Bilateral case law Majumder v. Attorney General of Sarawak 1967, a newspaper advertisement stated a medical officer war required and set out the salary scale. The Federal Court held that the advertisement in the newspaper for the post of a medical officer was an invitation to treat. Therefore the advertisement by Ah Beng is a Bilateral Contracts, where both parties make promises to one another, a mutual exchange of promise and this leads to invitation to treat. For example, a job advertisement is not an offer but an Invitation to Treat. The applicant is the offeror for the job and if it is accepted, the promisor is obligated to perform by giving the applicant a position and remuneration in accordance with the advertisement, a promise for a promise. Ah Beng and Ahmad Ah Beng called his colleague Ahmad who had previously told him that he is looking for a used motorcycle for his son for RM 2,500.00 in cash. As they discussed, Ahmad asked Ah Beng to hold the offer till end of the month and Ah Beng did not give an affirmative answer. Based on section 2 (a) , when one signifies to another his willingness to do said to make a proposal. Therefore Ah Beng is the offeror and Ahmad is the acceptor. However, the contract is not valid. There are components under Contracts Act 1950 to determine whether a contract is valid or invalid. When Ah Beng offered Ahmad at the first place, Ahmad request for extension, â€Å"until the end of the month†, setting a new request to Ah Beng. According to section 7 (a), conditional acceptance is no acceptance. Case law Branca v. Cobarro. Ahmad’s act has caused the contract to be invalid. Moreover, at the end of the conversation Ah Beng did not give an affirmative answer to Ahmad , section 7 (a) Acceptance must be absolute as referring to case law of Kam Mah Theatre Sdn. Bhd. v. Tan Lay Soon 1994. The acceptance given by Ahmad must be absolute and unqualified in order to make the contract between him and Ah Beng valid. After two days, Ahmad rang up Ah Beng’s house to inform that he is interested to buy the motorcycle and will go over the next day to make the payment of RM 2,500.00 after seeing Ah Beng has advertised to sell the motorcycle for RM 2,800.00 on the local newspaper. Unfortunately Ah Beng was not in and Ah Beng’s wife is the person who was answering the call. Based on section 4 (1) , a communication is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made. Refers to case law, R v. Clarke. Clarke was an accomplice to the murder of two policeman, the Australian published a notice granting pardon and a reward of A$ 1,000. Clark supplied the information but he admitted that at the time he gave the information he had forgotten about the reward money. The court held that he was not entitled to the reward as he was not aware of the reward at all. The contract is therefore invalid as Ahmad did not deliver his messages and offers to Ah Beng’s knowledge and not conforming to Section 4(2)(b). However, the contract can still be valid if Ah Beng give authorization to his wife to accept the offer on behalf of Ah Beng. This is illustrated in the case law Powell n Lee, the court held that there was no authorized communication made by the acceptor. Ah Beng and Maniam Maniam read the advertisement and went over Ah Beng’s house to look for the motorcycle. Maniam’s act is to inquire more information about the motorcycle. The conversation between Maniam and Ah Beng signifies that the advertisement made by Ah Beng regarding the motorcycle is uncertain as there are informations about the motorcycle that Ah Beng did not mention clearly in the advertisement such as the model of the motorcycle, colour of the motorcycle, accident free and current condition of the motorcycle have not been told from the advertisement. This have caused uncertainty for the consideration of an agreement, therefore invalid contract based on section 30. This scenario can be referred to the case law, Karuppan Chetty v. Suah Thian 1916, â€Å"lease at $35.00 per month as long as he like† is unacceptable by the court therefore declared void for uncertainty. Maniam noticed that the battery was weak and both of the tyres were worn off during the inspection of the motorcycle. Ah Beng immediately offered the price to RM 2,700.00 and has become the new offeror, on the other hand Maniam become the new acceptor. As the negotiation going on, case law Lau Brothers Co v. China Pacific Navigation Co. Ltd 1965, no agreement will be formed under negotiation. However Maniam agreed to bring the cash on the next day expecting Ah Beng to replace the two tyres with the new ones. It is a new condition set by Maniam, leading to a counter offer. Based on section 7 (a), the acceptance made must be absolute and unqualified. Therefore the contract is not valid as Maniam’s counter offer is a rejection of the initial contract, contracts subject to contract. The contract would only be valid if it is free consent from both parties. Refers to case law Hyde v. Wrench 1840, the defendant offered to sell his estate to the plaintiff on 6th of Jun for  £1,000. On 8th of June the plaintiff made a counter proposal, 27th of June the defendant refused to accept his offer. Two days later the plaintiff wrote to the defendant that he was prepare to pay  £1,000, the defendant refused. The court held that there was no acceptance as by rejecting the original offer the plaintiff had destroyed the offer. In effect the plaintiff is now making a new offer. By asking Ah Beng to replace the worn off tyres with new ones, Maniam has become the offeror again whereas Ah Beng as the acceptor of this new agreement. At the end of the day, Ah Beng did not give response to Maniam’s further request. Based on section 7 (b), Mental acceptance is no acceptance, silence will not amount to acceptance. Refers to case law Felthouse v. Bindley, plaintif’s uncle offered to buy a horse from plaintiff for  £30 adding â€Å"If i hear no more about him, i consider the horse mine at the price†. The court held that the plaintiff’s silence did not amount to acceptance of the offer. In this case, Ah Beng’s reaction towards Maniam is not an acceptance to the contract, therefore the agreements between Ah Beng and Maniam is invalid. Ah Beng and Jack A classmate of Ah Beng’s 16 year old son, also came to know about the advertisement. Jack immediately went over to Ah Beng’s house and gave five hundred ringgit in cash to Ah Beng’s son with a promise that he will pay the balance the next day after he gets it from his parents. Section 10 (1) states that if the agreements are made by free consent of parties for a lawful consideration are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Jack is willing to enter the contract by offering his money Ah Beng without being forced. Based on section 11 Capacity as per Age of Majority Act 1971, said that the age of majority to enter a contract is at the age of 18 and above. Case law Tan Hee Juan v. Teh Boon Keat, a minor entered into a contract of transferring land. The court held that the contract was void. Jack is a minor, 16 years old and incapable of entering a contract. Moreover, section 69 said that the necessaries suited to his condition in life is not valid. Case law Nash Vs. Inman (1908) a minor, who was already having sufficient supply of clothing suitable to his position, was supplied further clothing by a tailor. Unlike case law Scarborough v. Sturzaker 1905 where the minor needs a motorcycle to travel to work for 12 miles (19 km ) distance everyday. In this case, a motorcycle is necessaries suited to the condition in life. However, there are few exception for necessity which is valid contract. Such as marriage contract, case law Rajeswary v. Balakrishnan 1958. Case law Government of Malaysia v. Gurcharan Singh 1971 stated that scholarship contract is valid for a minor as education is a necessity nowadays. Insurance is also a valid contract for a minor. Based on Insurance Act 1963, a minor can enter an insurance contract if he is above ten years old. According to section 66, obligation of person who has received advantage under void agreement or contract that becomes void. When a contract becomes void, any person who has received any advantage under the agreement is bound to restore it, or make compensation for it to the person from whom he received it. Therefore, Ah Beng is obligated to restore balance, return the five hundred ringgit to Jack. Referring to case law, Thong Foo Ching Ors v. Shigenori Ono 1998. Conclusion In conclusion, non of the person above have a valid contract with Ah Beng. First, the communication is yet to be complete between Ah Beng and Ahmad as Ahmad called and Ah Beng’s wife is the person who answered the call (section 4 (1) Communication). Next, being silence did not amount to acceptance of the offer (section 7 (a). Therefore invalid contract with Maniam as Ah Beng remain silence. Next, the capacity of both parties must be competent to enter a contract in order to make it legal, section 11 Competent to contract. In this case the contract between Ah Beng and Jack is invalid due to the age of Jack, minor (16 years old) .

Essay --

Introduction: X-ray tubes are a critical aspect of all x-ray imaging systems and the central site of x-ray production. They are a part of the imaging system that radiologic technologists do not interact with, as it is located in protective housing and out of reach. Despite the tube’s location, it is a radiographer’s responsibility to understand its construction and operation. While not all x-ray tubes are the same, there are critical parts that all tubes must contain in order to create x-rays, such as the cathode an anode. Both the cathode and anode are considered electrodes, or conductors through which electricity enters or exits an object. X-ray tubes contain two electrodes and can be further classified as diodes. Diodes are semiconductor devices with two terminals that allow for the flow of current in only one direction. In the x-ray tube this flow is directed from cathode to anode. The purpose of this paper is to describe the different parts that make up an x-ray tube, both internally & externally, and briefly describe the role that each part of the tube plays in the in the process of x-ray production. Literature Review: X-ray tube structure can be divided into the external components, and internal components. The external components consist of the protective housing, an envelope and insulating oil. The internal components include the negatively charged cathode, and positively charged anode. External components: The components necessary for the production of x-ray are housed in a glass or metal envelope. The envelope’s primary purpose is to provide a vacuum for the x-ray tube, allowing the improved flow of electrons from cathode to anode. The envelope also provides insulation from heat and electricity given off. Dielec... ...production, while the angle of the anode interacts with x-ray photons. An anode’s angle affects both the effective focal spot size as well as the intensity of the x-ray beam that exits the tube. X-ray tubes containing rotating anodes possess an assembly of induction-motor electromagnets known as the stator and rotor, mechanisms necessary to turn the target. The stator is the only section of the cathode that is located outside of the tube envelope. It is made up of electromagnets that surround the neck of the x-ray tube. The rotor is a positively charged hollow copper cylinder attached to the anode by a molybdenum shaft. It is located within the stator and inside of the tube envelope. The rotor rotates at high speeds due to the current that runs through each stator, which induces a magnetic field that surrounds the rotor and interacts with the ferromagnetic copper.

Pros of Lowering Drinking Age Outline

Affirmative side for Lowering Legal Drinking Age (OUTLINE) 1) Human rights. * Individuals who are legally allowed to vote and get married, sign legal contracts, smoke cigarettes, can be responsible when it comes to drinking alcohol as well. Turning 18 allows one to make their own decisions in life. * Evidence #1: â€Å"National Youth Rights Association does not feel this is an issue primarily about alcohol; rather it is an issue about equality, respect, discrimination and freedom.Americans of all ages, races, genders, and ethnicities deserve equal respect, and they deserve the right to make their own choices in life. † 2) Drink safely in regulated environments * Prohibiting this age group from drinking in bars, restaurants, and other licensed locations causes them to drink in unsupervised places such as house parties where they may be more prone to binge drinking and other unsafe behavior. * Evidence #1: â€Å"Among college students, a decade’s worth of research in the College Alcohol Study found the proportion of students engaging in frequent binge drinking had increased.Compared to 1993, more 18- 24 year students who chose to drink in 2001 were drinking excessively- as defined by frequency of drinking occasions, frequency of drunkenness, and drinking to get drunk. † * Evidence #2: â€Å"College students experienced a nearly 10 percent increase in the rate of drinking to get drunk between 1993 and 2001, which corresponded to an increase in secondary consequences and treatment for alcohol overdose. * Evidence #3: â€Å" National estimates suggest that among full-time college students, 690,000 are involved in assaults, 97,000 are involved in rapes, and 599,000 are injured as a result of alcohol† 3) Ineffective * Evidence #1 (Prohibition did not work then): â€Å"In 1920, alcoholic beverages were banned in the United States. However, the government had created a huge black market for the intoxicating substance by encouraging the drin kers to switch to spirits. It is believed widely to have been a misguided and failed social experiment that made alcohol problems worse. † Evidence #2 (Prohibition did not work now): â€Å"95% of those who will be alcohol consumers in their lifetime take their first drink before age 21† * Evidence #3(Prohibition did not work now): â€Å"50% of 18-20 year olds consume alcohol regularly† * Evidence #4(Prohibition did not work now): â€Å"75% of high school seniors, 60% of sophomores and 40% of eight graders have consumed alcohol† * Evidence #5(Prohibition did not work now): â€Å" 5,000 lives were lost each year by those under the age of 21. Of these, fewer than 40% are traffic fatalities. The vast majority- over 60%- of alcohol-related fatalities take place off roadways†

Internet as a Form of Communication and Its Misconception

One of the most talked, known and controversial issues today is the Internet. Internet is a large network made up of a number of smaller networks. Almost every computer in an educational facility and in home and small office use is connected to some type of a network. People spent a lot of time on the Internet, which may make them seem isolated. However, the Internet does not foster isolation, because it may be used for many different things like communication, education, problem solving and etc. The concept for the Internet was to make a link in to a new world, a world that has many different opportunities within its self. To gives the people options to go to China, Italy, and Egypt without spending a lot of money on the trip. To open new experiences and ideas that are just a click of a button away. The idea of going on to the internet for almost every thing may make the person seem isolated. Isolated from people, form culture, from education, from communication to other people, but in reality they are not isolated. The internet gives variety. It might not give physical opportunity to visit Japan or Russia, but it gives almost the same emotional and cultural experiences. A person does not have to read a newspaper on the train or go to an art gallery to be cultured and not seem isolated; a person just has to do what feels right at a certain time. The Internet also gives a misconception about communication. Internet is a different world that has the idea of communication in a different perspective. To communicate people don†t have to see one another, or hear one another they just have to be able to understand one another. The Internet provides just that. This may seem like isolation because no physical contact is present, and some or all of the things that are said might not be true. This is a misconception. People that are talking face to face with one another might be lying or might not be; the same is said for the Internet conversations. â€Å"People whose physical handicaps make it difficult to form new friendships find that virtual communities treat them as they always wanted to be treated† (Rheingold 206). Equality and understanding is the key, and the virtual community provides that and much more. Advice is also one of the keys for equality and understanding. As we all know advice in today†s world is not free, and most of the time you need to make an appointment to get that expansive help. The internet provides advice that is free and at the same time on the spot. In Urbana, Illinois, the Federal Department of Education has set up a network for parents, teachers, community workers, and etc. that have questions concerning children, financial assistance, educational assistance, and etc (Thomas). The Internet is not only for fun and games, but it is also for problem solving of all types. This is not the only site of this sort; Howard Reingold logged onto the Well, when he needed an answer in a matter of seconds. What amazed him when he logged on â€Å"wasn†t just the speed with which we obtained precisely the information we needed†¦it was also the immense inner sense of security that comes with discovering that real people†¦are available, around the clock, if you need them† (Rheingold 202). The idea of Internet advice may seem like isolation, but it is not. It helps people with real problems to get real advice. The ones giving advice once were getting some type of advice. The idea behind these help links are for real people to talk to real people not necessarily professionals, but with people who had real life experiences, and who see it on a more personal level. This gives emotional support to those who need it and trust that just comes along. Although the internet brings communication to different communities as well as different individuals, it also plays as an educational source. Many educational facilities are starting to conduct courses on the Internet. They are also using â€Å"Web pages to post class materials and other resources† (Mendels) for student on the Internet for faster and easier access by the students. Some educators are also requesting and requiring for their students to have an e-mail address. An e-mail address gives less paper work for the professor, and an easier access of the professor for questions and faster responses. Since the demand of computer knowledge has increased, this is a perfect way to start learning. The Internet also provides a wide variety of encyclopedias, newspapers, magazines, etc, for educational reasons, and the more people will use the Internet the more they will learn. Education does not have to be the old fashion way, it has to provide and teach different experiences th at may not otherwise be available. The Internet is a world that is available to each and every person, but how that person uses it, is how the opinion of isolation forms. If each and every person would use the Interne for education, than there would be too many educated people. We are all very lucky that we have so much opportunity in our access, but a lot of us don†t know how to use it, and for what. That†s where education plays a big role, it does two things at once gives general and computer knowledge. The more we learn the more we know, and isolation is not one of the thing that the Internet provides.

The Best AP US Government Review 5-Step Guide

The Best AP US Government Review 5-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP US Government can be a fascinating class for those interested in how the American political system works and what factors led to its formation. While the exam is less difficult than many other APs, it's still important to understand the types of questions you can expect and the most efficient ways to study based on the content. In this article, I'll go through sample questions from each part of the exam, list a step-by-step AP Government review process, and provide some tips for making the most of your studying. What’s the Format of the AP US Government Exam? The exam is two hours and twenty-five minutes long, and, like other AP tests, it includes multiple-choice and free-response sections.The multiple-choice section is 45 minutes long and contains 60 questions.You’ll earn one point for each question you answer correctly; there are no points deducted for incorrect answers or questions you leave blank.The free-response section is 100 minutes long and contains four questions.Each question in the free-response section is worth the same percentage of your score, although they typically have different numbers of raw points possible. What Do Questions Look Like on the AP US Government Exam? In this section, I’ll provide official examples of questions from each section of the test.The multiple-choice example is from the course guidelines, and the free-response example is a released question from the 2015 AP test. Multiple Choice Question Example EXCEPT questions are common on the AP US Government exam.It’s critical to read these questions carefully so that you don’t end up getting confused and looking for the wrong answer.In this case, we are looking for the one response that doesn’t represent a concern about the flaws of the Articles of Confederation.We need to eliminate the responses that were legitimate reasons for modifying the Articles of Confederation. The main issue with the Articles of Confederation was that they created a wimpy central government that didn’t have enough power to regulate conflicts between the states.We can eliminate any answers that talk about problems with weaknesses of the central government.That means B, D, and E should all be crossed out, leaving us with A and C as potential answers. Choice C, the desire to promote trade among the states, is connected to the problems with a lack of centralized power.Since the states were so autonomous, trade barriers were being set up that stifled the economy and divided the country too drastically.The federal government needed to be strengthened so that it could prevent these sorts of barriers from being thrown up and creating divisions and rivalries that damaged the country’s economy as a whole.This means that choice C can also be eliminated. Choice A, the only answer left, is the one we want.Although there was ultimately dissatisfaction over safeguards of individual rights and liberties which led to the creation of the Bill of Rights, this did not come to fruition until a couple of years later; it wasn’t a direct impetus for the convention. Free This question requires an understanding of presidential election policies and procedures.You could earn one point in part A for describing a reason why the electoral college was instituted by the framers of the constitution.Potential answers include: It provides for a compromise between small and large states in the election process. It protects against direct election by poorly informed citizens (caters to elites). The framers did not trust the people, Congress, or state legislatures to elect the president on their own. The electoral college reinforces federalism and gives states a role in presidential selection. For part B (also worth one point), you have to explain the message the cartoon sends regarding presidential elections.You might say that it points out that candidates mainly focus on battleground or swing states while placing much less emphasis on most other states.Alternatively, you could simply say that the cartoon indicates that most states are ignored by presidential candidates in the election process. For part C (again, worth one point), you would need to explain why California, Texas, and New York are not emphasized in the cartoon despite being assigned tons of electoral votes.You could say that all those states are very heavily controlled by one party or the other, so campaigning there will only help a candidate so much.Their voting patterns are essentially predetermined. The fate of the election is typically decided in smaller but more evenly divided states. For part D, worth two points, you just need to describe two campaign tactics used in swing states during presidential elections.Possible answers include: Concentrating campaign funds in those states Putting out more TV ads and media coverage in those states Having larger campaign organizations stationed in those states Making more campaign appearances in those states Focusing on issues that swing voters in those states care about Selecting a running mate who hails from one of the swing states You could earn a potential total of five raw points for this question, which is a typical number of points for most AP US Government free-response questions.On the 2015 exam, the first three free-response questions were worth five points each, and the last question was worth seven points.Keep in mind that each question has the same influence on your final score regardless of its raw point value.That means there’s no reason to prioritize one question over another; just start with whichever question seems easiest to you. Which Topics Does the AP US Government Exam Cover? There are six major topics covered by the exam.Here’s a chart detailing how often you’ll see each of them in the multiple-choice section: Topic Area Percentage of Questions Constitutional Underpinnings of US Government 5-15% Political Beliefs and Behaviors 10-20% Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media 10-20% Institutions of National Government: The Congress, the Presidency, the Bureaucracy, and the Federal Courts 35-45% Public Policy 5-15% Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 5-15% How to Review for AP US Government It can be hard to know where to start with your AP Gov review - I'll walk you through five steps to get you readyfor the exam. Step 1: Take a Practice Test The first step in your review should be to take a real practice exam.You need to do this before you dive into studying so you can focus on the areas that need the most work rather than reading over the material indiscriminately.As I mentioned in the previous section, you should also be sure totime yourself accurately on this practice test. When you’re done, score the test (one point for each multiple-choice question, consult specific scoring guidelines for free-response questions), and use this calculator to convert your raw score into an approximate AP score.This should give you some insight into how much time you’ll need to spend studying if you want to reach your goals. The AP US Government exam is known as one of the easier AP tests, so I'd suggest that you aim for a 5 unless you're really struggling with the material. Step 2: Look Back at Your Mistakes When you’ve finished scoring the test, review your mistakes to see which topics need to be addressed in your studying.Categorize incorrect answers by topic area and/or skill set.If you find that you had a lot of trouble with questions that asked about the judiciary, you would want to focus on that content in your review sessions. You can also consider the types of question formats that tripped you up most frequently.For example, if you noticed that you did especially poorly on EXCEPT questions, you might conclude that you need to practice slowing down and paying more attention to the wording of questions on the test. Step 3: Study Whatever You Forgot Now, you can dive back into your notesand study any content that was problematic for you on the practice test.If you don’t have many issues with content and are struggling more with the test format or careless mistakes, you can just do a short review of any small tidbits you missed and then move onto the next step. Step 4: Do Selective Practice Questions This step is important if you struggled with â€Å"EXCEPT† questions or most of your mistakes came from careless misunderstandings of the questions.Practicesimilar questions so that you’re more used to the types of wording and formats you’ll see on the exam.You can find tons of practice questions available on different websites and in review books (I’ll eventually be writing another article that lists all of these resources for you). Step 5: Take a Second Practice Test to Measure Your Progress When you’re satisfied that you have a better handle on all the issues that plagued you on the first practice test, you should take another test to see if you’ve made real progress.Again, time the test accurately, and take it in a quiet, distraction-free environment.If you find that your scores have improved, you can either decide that you’re satisfied or shoot for even more improvement by going through this process again.If you don’t see much improvement, you should backtrack and reexamine your study process.It may be that you were reading over your notes without really absorbing them or you didn’t do enough practice questions to get the hang of the test. Here’s an approximate timeline for the completion of all five of these steps: Step 1: 3 hoursStep 2: 1 hourStep 3: 2 hoursStep 4: 2 hoursStep 5: 3 hours Total Time: 11 hours When you finish studying for the AP test, the unofficial step 6 is convincing your teacher to let you watch House of Cards in class for the remainder of the year. 3 Study Tips for AP US Government Finally, here are a few essential study tips to keep you on track during your AP Government review. Tip #1: Prioritize Institutions of National Government As you can see from the chart in the previous section, "Institutions of National Government" is the most prominent single content area on the test.Congress and the Presidency, in particular, are hot topics that make up around 30 percent of questions. You should be familiar with the powers of these institutions, their compositions, the election processes associated with them, their origins, and how they’ve changed over time.It’s critical to have this knowledge as a foundation so that all the other information you’ve learned makes sense and can be tied back to the central structure of the US political system. Tip #2: Know Your Key Terms AP US Government is heavy on understanding terminology in context and identifying correct definitions on both sections of the test. It’s a great idea to make some flashcards to get yourself up to speed with all the fancy words that are used to describe stuff related to the government. Most review books and textbooks will have lists of key vocabulary that you can reference when creating flashcards.Be able to identify each term by its corresponding definition and state the definition when you're presented with a key term. Tip #3: Authentic Practice Resources Are Important There’s no foolproof substitute for official AP practice questions when reviewing for this test.Although it’s fine to use some unofficial sources (and, in fact, you probably have to if you hope to get in enough practice), you need to mix in at least some official AP questions to make sure you’re ready for the exam.Take at least one or two full official practice tests in your studying so you can get an accurate prediction of how you would perform on the real test. You should also time yourself to the specifications of the real AP test when taking official practice tests.This will help you to detect any issues with time management and develop skills in pacing that are necessary on the AP test.Note that you have less than a minute for each multiple choice question on this test (60 questions in 45 minutes), so you’ll have to keep yourself moving forward constantly to ensure that you make it to the end of the section. Don't get stuck in traffic when you come across hard questions. Either take your best guess or skip it on the first run through and come back to it later. Make sure you glare at the question as you zoom past. It knows what it did. Key Points for AP Government Review The AP US Government exam is one of the shorter AP tests, but it still covers a wide range of topics and includes some confusing question types that you should become familiar with before test day. Here's a recap of the steps you should take to get the most out of your review process: Step 1: Take a Practice Test Step 2: Look Back at Your Mistakes Step 3: Study What You Missed Step 4: Do Selective Practice Questions Step 5: Take Another Practice Test You can repeat these steps as necessary until you're satisfied with your scores. In your studying, focus on learning the ins and outs of institutions of national government and memorizing the definitions of key terms. You should also be sure to practice your skills using real AP questions from the College Board. Above all, don't be intimidated by this test. You're almost certainly capable of earning a 5 if you start studying well in advance! What's Next? To get your studying started, here's an article detailing how to find the best AP practice exams. Want even more advice on how to do well on your AP exams? Check out these six critical tips for success on any AP test. If your school doesn't offer an AP class that interests you, you might consider going rogue and taking the test anyways. Learn how you canself-study for an AP exam and end up with a great score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: