Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Decision Essay

In the present developing and modern day world, consumerism has dominated all the aspects of life. The life in the society follows the pattern of the capitalist culture where the human values have a different measure, ‘you are known by what you have not by what you are’. This naturally leads to the life in a society where everyone wants to have a unique place in the society, by possessing the things which sets them apart from the rest of people in the society. In present society and living way, the Brands not only represent the symbol of the company or product but to a larger extent define the general life of a person. What the person uses can reflect his taste of life, his status in the society, his economic background and many other things. This makes a deep connection between the company and its brand, with the consumer. In this two way relation both are dependent on each other for various different reasons. In today’s time customers are very deeply connected to the brands. When they purchase any product like a car, mobile, items of daily need, brand name influence the consumer’s choice. Some customers purchase the specific branded things just due to the brand name. Customers believe that brand name is a symbol of quality. I found this interesting and wanted to find out whether brand name influences the consumer choice when they go for purchasing any product. I chose to for the specific product because  this is one of the products which got my attention because of many reasons. Initially the car production was dominated by few companies and one or two countries. With the time, the market started to grow and once considered to be luxurious commodity, cars became a need  rather than a choice. This increased the demand and with that many more  companies entered the arena to have their share of profit and exploit the growing market. This made the companies to put more efforts and money to creating brand awareness of their product. With the Huge sum of money and effort invested by the companies to create the awareness of their brand in the market, many questions arise; does this really affect the purchasing decision  of the customer? Does the brand awareness somehow influence the sale of the product? Etc. On the basis of these questions, I formulated my problem as follows: The purpose of this thesis is to create deeper consideration of what influence a brand name can have, when people go for purchasing, choose the products between different brands in automobile industry. Further I want to identify, if there is a connection between brands and the consumer decision making process. I conducted this study based on theories and surveys. I analyzed the result of the survey in order to be able to draw conclusions and find answers to my problem. I came to the conclusion that when consumer purchases a car, brand names influence his choice. Customers choose the well known branded car among other brands which are new or not so known. The study shows that branded cars have a great place in consumer mind, when customers go for purchasing a car, they prefer to purchase a well known branded car. Customers do not want to try new or unknown branded cars because they have no much information about the  lesser known brand. Usually, people purchase well known branded cars because they might have heard before about brands or they have some information about them from other sources. This makes customer feel more comfortable during the time of decision making as they are not so confident about the knowledge they have gathered about the other brands. The consumers are very conscious about branded and unbranded cars because they have the view that branded cars are more reliable than unbranded car. This study also explains that customers trust the branded cars’ quality. Before purchasing a car people do not consider the lesser known brand car, as people are very attached to some specific brands. Some people are loyal to specific brands, over time they want to purchase the same branded car because the specific brand has satisfied the customer’s needs and in turn has gained the trust in the brand name. I feel that the purpose of this study has been fulfilled to some extant. The theory describe that brand name has a power, which attracts the customers towards branded products. The reason  is that customer gets special connection with specific brands product and become the loyal with brand.

Be the Very First to Read What the Experts Think About Reaserch Paper Outline

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Anxiety And Depression A Psychological Disorder

Anxiety is a psychological disorder that affects many people, both mentally and physically. There are many different types of people who live with this disorder, from the young adults to the older generations and from female to male. There are various ways that the disorder may transform the life of the individual who go through the everyday effects of anxiety. A recent study from the Anxiety and Depression Association of America shows that â€Å"Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S, affecting 40 million adults in the United States age 18 and older, or 18% of the population.†(ADAA), with it being the most common disorder, it is also the most expensive disorder since people need a lot of help. People think of anxiety as just the usual small form of anxiety like when you drive and get nervous but it can be a lot more than extreme for some people. There are many different forms of anxiety that people can experience, for example social anxiety and variou s phobias. People have been researching ways to assist people with anxiety and attempt to help find the best methods to help them cope. Studies have been done on how anxiety runs in different cultural groups in america, these studies and more have shown that anxiety and depression usually go together. Almost everyone gets a sense of anxiety, such as feeling nervous for a date or test, at some point but small flashes of anxiety aren’t considered a disorder. The American Psychiatric Association hasShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness of Music Therapy Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthat music has beneficial effects on the mind, body, and health of a person. 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Regardless of the fact how intellectualRead MoreThe Psychological Status Of Patients With Asthma And Copd1175 Words   |  5 Pagescritique Introduction Evaluation of the psychological status in Patients with Asthma and COPD is from the Iranian journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. The authors: Amir MH Asnaashari, Ali Talaei, and Mehry Baghban Haghighi evaluate fifty-nine women and forty-one men, who either had COPD, adult onset asthma, asthmatic bronchitis or were healthy. COPD and asthma severity was based on the GOLD criteria which stands for Global Obstructive Lung Disease. Depression outcomes were based on patient s answersRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder892 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology Fall, 2016, Worksheet One 1. Define generalized anxiety disorder, and discuss how it differs from panic attacks, and from specific phobias. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety and a feeling of being out of control. In addition, individuals with this disorder often experience a lack of concentration, disturbances in sleep, restlessness, and irritability. This disorder differs from panic attacks in that the anxiety is future based, instead of present based. Due to thisRead MoreThe Stress With Anxiety And Depression1534 Words   |  7 Pagesconsciously or unconsciously. Often, many people suffer from crippling anxiety as a result of constant stress or in response to some traumatic event. This anxiety can also be accompanied by feelings of depression, adding to the overall stress and feelings of anxiousness a person may experience during difficult times in their life. Worse still, there has historically been a stigma associated with high anxiety and chronic depression that those who suffer from these maladies are broken in some way or simplyRead MoreEssay Anxiety Disorders1302 Words   |  6 PagesAnxiety Disorders Anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations that helps in the coping process for individuals. On some occasions, anxiety may become so severe that it impairs the ability to cope and can create psychosocial impairment. High levels of anxiety that interfere with daily activities and social interaction are considered a psychiatric disorder. Anxiety disorders are treatable and can have profound effects on the psychosocial aspect of the individuals life. This paper willRead MoreCommon Psychological Disorders And How They Affect A Persons Daily Life995 Words   |  4 Pages Abstract In this essay I will be discussing five of the most common psychological disorders and how they affect a persons daily life, behavior, weight, personality and etc. The five disorders I will be mentioning are: Alzheimer, OCD/panic/anxiety, Anorexia, Autism, and depression. According to studies there can be 3 million or more people are diagnosed with one of these disorders each year. These disorders lead to cases like memory loss, extreme dieting, self-harm, unwanted thoughts, badRead MoreCause And Effect Of Cancer1642 Words   |  7 Pagesharms the brain in forms of a psychiatric disorder. Researches have conducted studies to help understand the correlation between cancer and psychiatric disorders. In one survey, researchers found that 63% of their patients were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, including depression and anxiety. 63% of the patients diagnosed had major depression and 37% had minor depression. 25% of the patients diagnosed had anxiety associated with their depression. (Mishra). In another survey, 82% of patientsRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder1142 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disorder of shared self-reported symptoms. It goes with tension, uncontrollable worrying, sometimes muscle pain, trouble sleeping, and irritability that all together impair work ability, relations, and leisure activities. It is a common condition and there are psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders but not all patients respond to the same treatment as others. Finding a good treatment can ta ke many months or sometimesRead MoreThe Dass-21 Had A Good Internal Consistency. For Depression,983 Words   |  4 PagesThe DASS-21 had a good internal consistency. For depression, anxiety and stress subscales, Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.94, 0.87 and 0.91; respectively (Antony et al., 1998). In our study, we utilized the Malaysian version of the DASS-21, which was translated and validated by Musa et al., 2007 and showed a good internal consistency; i.e., Cronbach’s alpha for depression subscale = 0.84, for anxiety subscale = 0.74 and for stress subscale = 0.79 (Musa et al., 2007). Statistical Analysis All

The Ethics Of The Homeland Security - 1116 Words

As we move into a new era were a more robust and urgent homeland security program is needed, it is important to talk about how officials are managing all of the risk. There are a multitude of threats; from terrorism, where tactics are all the more unconventional an unpredictable, to climate change, with extreme weather conditions causing severe droughts or other catastrophic storms. The risk accepted by federal officials must be weighed and prioritized in a manner that is conducive to the longevity of the nation but also eliminates political or other personal agenda. To ensure a standardized approach the Department of Homeland Security adopted a risk management. The following will look at defining what risk management is as well as an example of how it is being incorporated within the homeland security enterprise and how doing so is of benefit. WHAT IS RISK MANAGEMENT? Risk management is the process of prioritizing various risks to determine a the best course of action to take given set resources, importance, or abilities. Risk is determined by a simple mathematical function. R=f(C*V*T) C is an estimated or factual dollar amount of costs that would be expected to incur or value lost if an attack or disaster were to happen. V is the percentage of how easy it would be to attack or damage an asset. T represents the probability of the attack or disaster occurring. As part of the normal routine of human life, risk management happens without people even making aShow MoreRelatedEssay on The CyberCrime of Hacking558 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s recommended that Homeland Security should practice constant and consistent training to create awareness on specific security procedures, disaster response plans and other issues like visual awareness reminders such as the posters in their laboratories and other places. These procedures will keep the employees on toes such that they have the right information concerning procedures to deal with cybercrime and hence be proactive rather than being reactive to incidents. Training has to be done onRead MoreTransportation Service Administration and Aviation1387 Words   |  6 Pagesfounded standard of right and wrong is the basis to ethics. If we speak of what people ought to do that benefits their society, we are addressing how they conduct themselves to better their community or nation. Conducting themselv es with honesty, compassion, and loyalty would be virtues that display standards of ethics. (Manuel Velasquesz, 2010) If we take these standards of ethics and apply them to a business, then we are addressing business ethics. This will apply to any and all areas of the businessRead MorePersonally Identifiable Information Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation about an individual than ever before, with many concerns having arisen over the years about privacy and the ability to protect that privacy. As debates over personally identifiable information continue, one cornerstone remains a constant, ethics. Ethics are defined as â€Å"the standard by which human actions can be judged right and wrong (Online, 2012)†, but even that can be debated when discussed within the realm of information technology. Have you ever been to an internet shopping site and â€Å"trusted†Read MoreFinal Exam Fact Sheet Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesis a force that is external in nature t hat causes strain upon the body, both physical and emotional. * Two models regarding the use of illegally seized evidence are the crime control and due process models. * The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics is felt to achieve bringing about self-respect among officers; contributing to feelings of mutual respect among police, and contributing to the professional image of law enforcement. * Police legal duties can arise from many sources, includingRead MoreThe Security And Foreign Policy1302 Words   |  6 Pagesattack. Combining law enforcement and intelligence is the principal method of accomplishing this (Hughbank Githens, 2010). Intelligence is vital to homeland defense and security. The U.S. intelligence community (IC) has the responsibility of conducting intelligence activities that are necessary for conducting foreign relations and for the national security of the United States (â€Å"Intelligence Community†, n.d.). The following is a brief report about the U.S. intelligence community and the history of URead MoreCongressional Black Caucus : House Ethics760 Words   |  4 PagesCongressional Ethics Rep. Charlie Rangel (D-N.Y.), chairperson of the House Ways and Means Board and a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus,was convicted on 11 counts of violating House ethics policies by a special House Ethics committee (Kane, 2010). Rep. Charlie Rangel’s infractions included: †¢ Failure to pay taxes for a beach home in the Caribbean. †¢ Omissions and errors in his financial disclosure record †¢ The use of a rent-controlled domestic apartment as a campaign officeRead MoreEssay about Case Study 11 NeoMed Tech. page 511831 Words   |  4 Pagesprofits from a drug screening or drug delivery product could’ve assisted in funding their long-term product focus, they missed an opportunity to develop a quick revenue steam. In addition, NeoMed Technologies could’ve seen success early on in the Homeland Defense space, for detection of nuclear weapons, or dirty bombs. With the shift later in Venture Capital funding opportunities, they could’ve experienced success in this area as well. Bottom-line, they put all their eggs in one basket; they failedRead MoreLevels Of Security Risks And Methods Of Mitigation868 Words   |  4 PagesLevels of security risks and methods of mitigation are not the same for all companies. There are indications that some supervisors show short-lived reactions to the examination of safety. Leaders have many questions concerning methods of communicating the urgency and logistics to management. The awareness and ethics of a successful leader is crucial for the execution of security initiatives such as informing management the necessity for exact security measures. A solid leader is skilled in expressingRead MoreApplication Of Transforming Leadership Principles And Benefits For The City Of Suisun City Police Department1390 Words   |  6 PagesAdministration field of study and can help assist the Suisun City Police Department mange strategic goals; including, assisting a law enforcement agency identify their core ethics, give better service to their community, develop strong group dynamics and human resources competencies, use strategic planning more completely and address Homeland Security issues more easily. Keywords: Transforming Leadership, Public Safety Administration Practical Application of Transforming Leadership Principles and Benefits forRead MoreImmigration Policy And Its Impact On America882 Words   |  4 Pages With the rise of foreign people permanently settling in America, the immigration policy has affected all aspects of society in terms of growth and development of economy, societal issues, and national security. As the immigration policy is a broad topic among senators, it needs to be prioritize for it to be better understood. In doing so will improve the immigration policy and grasp the significance of its impact in America. Many of the values that brings America together as a nation, is due to

Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment Free Essays

Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) is the term used to describe the capability to present bills to customers and to facilitate their payment by electronic means. EBPP offers the opportunity to eliminate the costs associated with printing paper bills, reduce delivery delays and provide a channel for two way communication between suppliers and their customers on a one-to-one basis. From the customers’ perspective, EBPP can provide a simple way to manage and automate the payment of bills. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment or any similar topic only for you Order Now EBPP Models There are five main types of EBPP service provided: 1.The Biller Direct Model in which billers provide their bills on their respective personalized web sites. 2.The Consolidator Model in which service providers allow customers to access and process bills from multiple billers. Within the consolidator model there are several sub-models these include: a)The Consolidator – Thin Client Model provides a site to which billers send their invoices for the customer to view at their leisure. Information at this site is summarized and the customer must visit the billers personal site to examine their bills in detail. b)The Consolidator – Thick Client Model provides billers with a site that host all the billers information. In this model paper bill scanning is not supported. c)The Customer Consolidator Model follows the same blueprint as the thick consolidator model but accepts both electronic and paper scanned bills offering the capability of viewing any bill online. The theory behind this model is that it will attract as many customers as possible in the short term and then streamline to purely electronic methods in the long term. d)The Consolidator Portal Model is a thin client consolidator model but hosted through a popular portal site, such as Yahoo. e)The Financial Institution Model like the portal model acts as a hosting site for consolidated bills. As the bills are placed on the customers bank site payment processing is speeded up while customer affinity with bill payment and banks strengthens consumer acquiescence. 3.The Consumer Centric Aggregator Model. Similar to the consolidator models yet different enough to be considered a separate EBPP approach. The CCA model shares many affinities with the banking consolidator model where billers send their invoices to the CCA site, rather than the consumer, and are paid directly from the site. The approach is equivalent in principle to Direct Debit payments in the UK. 4.The Email Based Model. In this model detailed invoices containing rich text graphics are sent to the customer then linked back to sites for online payment or detailed bill viewing. The medium may include intrusive direct marketing messages. 5.The Service Bureau Model. This model type is a new development in the world of EBPP and facilitates connection to large-scale consolidators for SME companies. In essence the Service Bureau manages its customers needs and offers an ASP model of EBPP. How to cite Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment, Essay examples

International Journal Of Health and Nursing - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Briefly explore an area of nursing practice and identify professional development or research needs. Answer: Provides a clear and concise introduction that justifies the choice of topic: Compassion fatigue is a combination of depleted states of emotional, physical and spiritual conditions due to the providence of care for patients in significant distress and pain. Nolte et al. (2017) points out that the complex demands of the patients healthcare needs in overburdened healthcare system can be a significant stressor on the nurses. This can result in the reduced ability in the providence of care, compassion fatigue and burnout syndrome (Finzi-Dottan and Kormosh 2016; Sorenson et al. 2016). Compassion fatigue also associated with the loss of satisfaction from performing the job properly, as a result of secondary stress (American Nurse Today 2018). However, Sheppard (2015) and Sorensen et al. (2016) pointed out the lack of clarity and ambiguity related to our understanding of compassion fatigue. The purpose of this essay therefore is to explore the effect of compassion fatigue on mental health nurses. Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the chosen topic in the context of a particular nursing specialty: Emotional stress can be caused due to emotional burden experienced while providing care for individuals in trauma or distress, and can be due to a single incident of exposure or an accumulation of stress (The American Institute of Stress 2018). Studies by Hegney et al. (2014) suggested an association between anxiety and depression with burnout and secondary trauma. While studies by Khamisa et al. (2015) also pointed out that stress and burnout can impact the mental well being of the nurse, and can adversely affect the efficiency, productivity and the quality of care provided by the nurses. Among mental health nurses, exposure to inpatient aggression and work stress can lead to post traumatic stress and distress (Lee et al. 2015). The term compassion fatigue was coined by Carla Joinson,, after noticing the reduced ability of nurses, who experienced psychological stress, to nurture patients. Various authors have suggested that the state of weariness is due to chronic or long term exposure to trauma, to challenging circumstances and the continuous service provided by nurses. Compassion fatigue is different from burnout, both having physical and psychological factors that causes a loss or reduction in motivation, but differs in their triggers and critical attributes. They further argues that burnout can be experienced by anyone (triggered by job requirements, job expectations, lack of resources, interpersonal factors, business or organizational policies, that affects the efficiency and efficacy of the person), however compassion fatigue is only experienced by those who actively demonstrate compassion on a daily basis. Mental health nurses, having to care patients often are exposed to the stress while demonstratin g compassion towards the patients and while supporting or helping their families. Such factors are significant stressors for work. Different symptoms associated with compassion fatigue, categorized into 3 groups: Work related symptoms (like avoidance or fear of working, reduced ability to empathize with patient or family, frequent absenteeism, reduced joy or enthusiasm in work); Physical Symptoms (like headache, muscle tensions, fatigue, digestive dysfunction, sleep dysfunction, cardiac symptoms); and Emotional Symptoms (like mood swings, anxiety, restlessness, oversensitivity, substance abuse or substance dependency, depression, anger, resentfulness, forgetfulness and lack of attention or focus and lack of objectivity). Harris and Griffin (2015) additionally pointed out the antecedents of compassion fatigue (like spiritual commitment, emotional investment, and professional and personal support given to patients) that can reduce inner conviction and resiliency, thereby causing inadequate performance and reduction in holistic health. The figure below shows the interactions of the different components towards the causation of compassion fatigue. Figure 1: Compassion and Fatigue Concept Map; source: (Harris and Griffin 2015) Demonstrates the ability to source and appraise the best available evidence to support the discussion: Watsons theory of human caring is based on the empathic relation between the nurse and patient, in the development of relationship based nursing practice (RBN) (Watson 2012). At the core of the concept is the utilization of empathy and communication towards the patient and their family. Three types of relationship that are needed to develop RBN, namely, relationship between patient and their families, relationship with self, and relationship with colleagues. Compassion fatigue is experienced by individuals who assists other in distress, and can be traumatized through their effort to show compassion and empathy to them, and can lead to a reduced self care and increased self sacrifice. The caregiver mostly experience the stress emotionally (and not physically) while caring for the patients. The emotional stress further affects the physical health, leading to different physical symptoms experienced a stressed individual. A decline in personal health of the nurse apart from poor performance, medical errors, poor judgment and a reduced quality of care, and even patient dissatisfaction. This can adversely affect the responses of the patients, cause financial instability of the organization, and also lead to a sense of apathy or indifference towards the patients, associated with a sense of hopelessness or helplessness apart from the physical symptoms experienced by the nurses. This can also lead to the propensity of the nurses to quit their jobs, which can have serious effect in the providence of proper care for the patients (Harris and Griffin 2015). This highlights the negative effect of compassion fatigue on both the nurse as well as the health outcomes of the patient, as well as on the efficiency of the healthcare system, and necessitates actions to manage the effects of compassion fatigue in mental health as well as other nursing specializations. Personal coping strategies, balancing work and life, adequate sleep, healthy and balanced diet, daily physical exercise and small vacations or breaks can be effective personal intervention strategies to manage compassion fatigue. Conclusion: The overview of the effects of compassion fatigue on the performance, efficiency, and well being of the nurses, as well as on the health outcomes and perception of the patients highlights the necessity to study further how the different stressors experienced by healthcare professionals in a high stress environment can be useful to devise strategies to mitigate these effects. Mental health nurses are frequently exposed to significant amount of stress while assisting patients and their families to cope up with the challenges of the health condition of the patient. This necessitates different intervention strategies that can assist the nurses to cope up with the stress in their job, and ensure the continued providence of quality care of the patient, as well as the maintenance of resiliency and psychological well being of the nurses themselves. References: American Nurse Today. 2018.Compassion fatigue: Are you at risk? - American Nurse Today. [online] Available at: https://www.americannursetoday.com/compassion-fatigue/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Finzi-Dottan, R. and Kormosh, M.B., 2016. Social Workers in Israel: Compassion, Fatigue, and Spillover into Married Life.Journal of Social Service Research,42(5), pp.703-717. Gilmore, C., 2012. Compassion Fatigue-What it is and how to avoid it.Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand,18(5), p.32. Harris, C. and Griffin, M. (2015). Nursing on Empty.Journal of Christian Nursing, [online] 32(2), pp.80-87. Available at: https://journals.lww.com/journalofchristiannursing/Fulltext/2015/04000/Nursing_on_Empty__Compassion_Fatigue_Signs,.8.aspx#R6-8 [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Hegney, D.G., Craigie, M., Hemsworth, D., Osseiran?Moisson, R., Aoun, S., Francis, K. and Drury, V., 2014. Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, anxiety, depression and stress in registered nurses in Australia: study 1 results.Journal of Nursing Management,22(4), pp.506-518. Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K. and Ilic, D., 2015. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses.International journal of environmental research and public health,12(1), pp.652-666. Lee, J., Daffern, M., Ogloff, J.R. and Martin, T., 2015. Towards a model for understanding the development of post?traumatic stress and general distress in mental health nurses.International journal of mental health nursing,24(1), pp.49-58. Nolte, A., Downing, C., Temane, A. and Hastings-Tolsma, M. (2017). Compassion fatigue in nurses: A metasynthesis.Journal of Clinical Nursing, [online] 26(23-24), pp.4364-4378. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28231623 [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Potter, R.N., Joyce Divanbeigi RN, M.S.N., Julie Berger DMin, B.C.C., Lori Norris, R.N. and Sarah Olsen RN, B.S.N., 2010. Compassion fatigue and burnout: Prevalence among oncology nurses.Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing,14(5), p.E56. Sheppard, K., 2015. Compassion fatigue among registered nurses: Connecting theory and research.Applied Nursing Research,28(1), pp.57-59. Sorenson, C., Bolick, B., Wright, K. and Hamilton, R., 2016. Understanding compassion fatigue in healthcare providers: A review of current literature.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,48(5), pp.456-465. The American Institute of Stress. (2018).Compassion Fatigue. [online] Available at: https://www.stress.org/military/for-practitionersleaders/compassion-fatigue/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Watson, J., 2012. The theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective.Caring in nursing classics: An essential resource, pp.237-27.

Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access

Table of Contents Introduction Discontented Employees Hackers Journalists and Political Activists Information Agents Conclusion Reference List Introduction Information plays a vital role in successful organizational management. Information management using modern information technology enhances organizational survival and decision-making.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individuals with ill intentions can utilize any security flaw existing in the organization’s information systems to pursue their selfish interests; this, in other words, can render an organization susceptible to risks, which are costly or lower the integrity of the organization. Unauthorized computer access is only possible when an organization information security strategies are weak thus leaving an organization’s information resources vulne rable or accessible. When there are loopholes in the information security management system, malicious individuals take advantage of these ostensible flaws to achieve their ill intentions of either stealing or corrupting an organization’s databases. This paper discusses some of the key threats to an organization’s information security system or the persons that compromise an organizations computer system through unauthorized entry. Some of the highlighted threats are discontented employees, journalists, and political activists, hackers and information agents. Discontented Employees An organization’s information systems can be compromised in a variety of ways. The most notable being actions by discontented employees. Employees become a threat when they have been laid off or when they have left their jobs voluntarily in search of greener pastures. Such people might attempt to steal information with a motive of using it to exploit the company by selling confidentia l information to the competitors or to leverage on the same to get a new job. Owing to their familiarity with the computer system employed, such unscrupulous staff stands a better chance of successfully sabotaging, hacking or distorting information (Salehnia, 2002). Ideally, every organization should have an information security policy. Unfortunately, most companies lack proper policies to govern storage or management of sensitive and confidential information against theft and fraud. One of the most basic and yet reliable measure towards curbing employee related risks is doing an employee audit.Advertising Looking for article on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An employee audit can be done electronically or manually to ascertain that no employee is not in custody of vital company information as they leave the company premises. In addition, magnetic chips should be fixed on crucial organization documents such as reports and files to control information movements. Hackers A hacker is an individual who is well equipped with programming skills and uses these technical skills to gain unauthorized access to an organization’s information systems. Hackers do this for personal gigs or monetary gain. Hacking is a serious threat to many organizations’ computer systems. Hackers break into computer systems by compromising the integrity and privacy of data (Cross Shinder, 2008). By obtaining this information, they easily use it to trade with interested parties pretending to be the genuine users. Unlike, other security risks, hackers, pose the greatest risk and can completely jeopardize the operations of the firm. However, several measures such as regular change in passwords and encryption of passwords and user names are important in containing the risk. Journalists and Political Activists Journalists or political activists might be interested in the operations of an organization with i ntentions of discrediting or damaging the organization’s reputation. While there are codes of ethics that govern journalism, practical codes vary giving room to substantial overlap in information dissemination. Thus, some journalist and political activist take advantage of this mostly through bias reporting of facts, misrepresentation of figures and blatant deception to the public. Sometimes they will suppress the information even disregarding facts through mischief. Overly, they attempt to shape and influence the opinion of the public (Bosworth Kabay, 2002). Information Agents These people use subversive tactics to gather proprietary information. This information could be anything from new product ideas, bid information, proposals, marketing strategies or research and any other corporate data. They penetrate the information system of a given organization with the intention to find information that they can trade. They sell this information to the highest bidder especially i n financial or consultancy or brokerage industry. It is, therefore, important for all organizations to exercise vigilance and secure their systems to any such security threats.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Theft of Information and Unauthorized Computer Access specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion It is critical for all organizations to embrace various security strategies to guarantee the safety of vital information and resources in the organization. This can be done by having back up files, changing passwords regularly, use of encryptions, installing antivirus scanners to prevent any unauthorized access to information against persons or foreign software programs. Physical security such as employing guards, using biometrics doors, and controlling unauthorized access can also be deployed. Finally, each organization requires a meticulously formulate information security policy. Failure to institute measu res against information security threats, opens up an organization to much information security threats, which can easily compromise an organization’ information systems. Reference List Bosworth, S Kabay, M. (2002). Computer Security Handbook. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Cross, S. Shinder, D.L. (2008). Scene of Cybercrime. Burlington, MA: Syngress Press. Salehnia, A. (2002). Ethical Issues of Information Systems. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. 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